cdp_data = read_cdp_crime_data() Analyzing the Impact of Ordinance § 8-04-016 in Chicago
This site contains an analysis of the the 2001 to 2023 Chicago Data Portal Data filtered for Illinois Uniform Crime Reporting or IUCR codes related to “PROSTITUTION” and a dataset of arrests related to sex work from the Chicago Police Department obtained thgrough the Freedom of Information Act on December 19, 2023.
Any functions used are read in a code chunk with the echo set to false for readability.
This site is an in-progress work, additional functionality will be added.
Introduction to Loitering for the Purpose of Prostitution Laws
Commonly called “Waking While Trans Laws” and “Gendered Stop and Frisk” due to their disproportionate effect on transgender women of color, Loitering for the Purpose of Prostitution (LPP) Laws authorize police to criminalize individuals based on their gender expression, clothing, or simply existing on the street.
In 2018, Chicago passed Ordinance 8-4-016, which empowered the Chicago Police Department Officers to designate areas of the city in which sex workers must disperse or face fines, jail, and thier car being impounded. Journalists, Activists, and Anti-Trafficking Organizations have discussed the the racial and gender-based profiling that similar loitering ordinances promoted.
Similar LPP Laws have been repealed in:
- Washington, D.C § 22–2731 (Repealed in 2014)
- Seattle Municipal Code Section 12A.10.01 (Repealed 2020)
- New York State Penal Code § 240.37 (Repealed 2021)
- California State Penal Code § 653.22 (Repealed in 2022 by SB 357 – Safer Streets for All Act)
Status of LPP Laws in the United States
Where is Sex Work Decriminalized in the United States?
- Maine adopted the Nordic Model (End Demand) in 2023
- Nevada permits sex work in 10 of its 17 counties within highly regulated licensed brothels only.
Chicago Data Portal
Read in the Chicago Data Portal 2001-2023 Crime Dataset
Note: Data was obtained in November 2023
Exploratory Data Analysis
Before filtering the dataset has almost 70,000 entries coded as “PROSTITUTION”
cdp_data.shape
print(f"There are {cdp_data.shape[0]} rows and {cdp_data.shape[1]} columns in the Chicago Data Portal 2001 to 2023 Crime dataset ")There are 69947 rows and 31 columns in the Chicago Data Portal 2001 to 2023 Crime dataset Filter the descriptions not related to consensual sex work i.e. juvenile related, pimping, solicitation of sex work
filtered_cdp_data = remove_based_on_description(cdp_data)filtered_cdp_data.shape
print(f"There are {filtered_cdp_data.shape[0]} rows and {filtered_cdp_data.shape[1]} columns in the filtered 2001-2023 Chicago Arrest Data. Upon filtering there were {cdp_data.shape[0] - filtered_cdp_data.shape[0]} rows removed.")There are 66807 rows and 31 columns in the filtered 2001-2023 Chicago Arrest Data. Upon filtering there were 3140 rows removed.There were 5843 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2001, and 5840 arrests
There were 6166 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2002, and 6166 arrests
There were 6045 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2003, and 6045 arrests
There were 7291 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2004, and 7289 arrests
There were 5976 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2005, and 5971 arrests
There were 6878 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2006, and 6828 arrests
There were 5948 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2007, and 5863 arrests
There were 4994 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2008, and 4937 arrests
There were 3844 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2009, and 3830 arrests
There were 2242 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2010, and 2238 arrests
There were 1991 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2011, and 1987 arrests
There were 1802 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2012, and 1789 arrests
There were 1389 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2013, and 1385 arrests
There were 1514 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2014, and 1502 arrests
There were 1223 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2015, and 1221 arrests
There were 773 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2016, and 773 arrests
There were 712 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2017, and 712 arrests
There were 688 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2018, and 688 arrests
There were 651 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2019, and 651 arrests
There were 270 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2020, and 269 arrests
There were 93 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2021, and 92 arrests
There were 281 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2022, and 278 arrests
There were 193 entries coded as 'PROSTITUTION' in 2023, and 184 arrestsNumer of missing values from each row before filtering the data
| Column Name | Nulls | Missing Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | District | 1 | 0.001430 |
| 12 | Ward | 8016 | 11.460106 |
| 13 | Community Area | 8016 | 11.460106 |
| 15 | X Coordinate | 669 | 0.956438 |
| 16 | Y Coordinate | 669 | 0.956438 |
| 19 | Latitude | 669 | 0.956438 |
| 20 | Longitude | 669 | 0.956438 |
| 21 | Location | 669 | 0.956438 |
| 22 | Historical Wards 2003-2015 | 782 | 1.117989 |
| 23 | Zip Codes | 669 | 0.956438 |
| 24 | Community Areas | 782 | 1.117989 |
| 25 | Census Tracts | 772 | 1.103693 |
| 26 | Wards | 782 | 1.117989 |
| 27 | Boundaries - ZIP Codes | 782 | 1.117989 |
| 28 | Police Districts | 784 | 1.120849 |
| 29 | Police Beats | 784 | 1.120849 |
| 30 | Wards 2023- | 796 | 1.138004 |
Number of missing values from each row after filtering the data
| Column Name | Nulls | Missing Percentage | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | District | 1 | 0.001497 |
| 12 | Ward | 7764 | 11.621537 |
| 13 | Community Area | 7764 | 11.621537 |
| 15 | X Coordinate | 642 | 0.960977 |
| 16 | Y Coordinate | 642 | 0.960977 |
| 19 | Latitude | 642 | 0.960977 |
| 20 | Longitude | 642 | 0.960977 |
| 21 | Location | 642 | 0.960977 |
| 22 | Historical Wards 2003-2015 | 746 | 1.116649 |
| 23 | Zip Codes | 642 | 0.960977 |
| 24 | Community Areas | 746 | 1.116649 |
| 25 | Census Tracts | 740 | 1.107668 |
| 26 | Wards | 746 | 1.116649 |
| 27 | Boundaries - ZIP Codes | 746 | 1.116649 |
| 28 | Police Districts | 748 | 1.119643 |
| 29 | Police Beats | 748 | 1.119643 |
| 30 | Wards 2023- | 760 | 1.137605 |
Mapping Arrest Locations
Read in the KML data of historical sex worker work spaces and convert to GeoJson
fiona.drvsupport.supported_drivers["KML"] = "rw"
gdf = gpd.read_file("data/chicago_workspaces.kml", driver='KML')
workspace_geojson_data = gdf.to_crs(epsg='4326').to_json()Below is base map of Chicago in Folium with the overlay of the Red Maps Team map of historic sex worker work spaces in Chicago.
Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook
2018 vs. 2023 Arrest Rates
Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook
CPD Data Analysis
Chicago Police Department Arrest Data January 2001 - December 2023
Obtained through the Freedom of Information Act on December 19, 2023
Exploratory Data Analysis
arrest_data = read_arrest_data()Before filtering the dataset has 60468 entries
arrest_data.shape
print(f"There are {arrest_data.shape[0]} rows and {arrest_data.shape[1]} columns in the Chicago Police Department 2001 to 2023 Arrest dataset.")There are 60468 rows and 26 columns in the Chicago Police Department 2001 to 2023 Arrest dataset.Filter the dataset for the following excluded words not related to consensual sex work
filtered_ar_df.shape
print(f"There are {filtered_ar_df.shape[0]} rows and {filtered_ar_df.shape[1]} columns in the filtered Chicago Police Department Arrest Dataset. Upon filtering there were {arrest_data.shape[0] - filtered_ar_df.shape[0]} rows removed.")There are 47403 rows and 27 columns in the filtered Chicago Police Department Arrest Dataset. Upon filtering there were 13065 rows removed.Data Visualizations
Contact
Get in Touch
If you’re interested in sex worker’s rights and research, whether you’re a current or former sex worker, advocate, or scholar, please reach out and share your experiences and insight.
To contact the developer please email: aicha [AT] aichacamara.me , for other means of communication ask for Signal.